POLA KEMISKINAN DINAMIK MASYARAKAT PULAU DAN PESISIRAN PANTAI: KAJIAN KES PULAU PERHENTIAN
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Abstract
Masyarakat yang mendiami kawasan pulau dan pesisiran pantai mempunyai corak kehidupan yang agak berbeza berbanding masyarakat yang mendiami kawasan tanah besar. Corak kehidupan mereka sering dikaitkan dengan sumber alam semula jadi seperti sumber perikanan dan hasil kehadiran pelancongan dari dalam mahupun luar negara. Corak perolehan serta perbelanjaan mereka juga tidak seragam dan kerap kali dikaitkan dengan jurang kekayaan sesama mereka dari sudut sosioekonomi serta pengaruh musim. Yang menjadi persoalannya di sini ialah, kedudukan masyarakat pulau yang sering dibelenggu kemiskinan serta jauh ketinggalan dari sudut sosioekonomi, walaupun pada dasarnya mereka memiliki khazanah alam semulajadi yang tidak ternilai harganya. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan meninjau punca kemiskinan di kalangan penduduk Pulau Perhentian serta kawasan pesisiran pantai yang melibatkan penumpuan khusus terhadap konsep kemiskinan secara relatif (inequality approach). Fokus utama kajian ini adalah dari sudut perolehan atau pendapatan dan perbelanjaan masyarakat pulau serta pesisiran pantai. Bagi mendapatkan kedudukan sebenar paras kerniskinan masyarakat pulau serta pesisiran pantai, kajian ini telah mengadaptasikan indeks Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) yang menjadi pengukur kemiskinan utama di kalangan negara membangun. Kedua, kajian ini juga mampu mengupas profil kemiskinan masyarakat pulau dan pesisiran pantai yang dijana oleh faktor pelancongan. Di akhir kajian ini, beberapa interpretasi dasar akan diutarakan bagi memantapkan serta mengatasi ketidakseimbangan agihan pendapatan masvarakat pulau dan pesisiran pantai.
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