REALMS OF VISITORS’ EXPERIENCE TO ECOTOURISM IN BULUSAN VOLCANO NATURAL PARK, PROVINCE OF SORSOGON, PHILIPPINES
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Published:
Dec 31, 2020
Keywords:
conservation, ecotourism, natural park, protected area, visitor experience
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Abstract
Globally, the role of protected area is recognised as solutions to environmental, social, and cultural challenges based on the current 2011-2020 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Strategic Plan. The growing popularity of natural parks has proven to be both an opportunity and a threat to its resources; it is an opportunity to maintain the high quality of visitors’ experience, however, poses a challenge to conservation of resources for future generations. Hence, this study which employed mixed method of research that looked into the present status of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park (BVNP) as a local conservation area and assessed the visitors’ experiences as to entertainment, educational, escapism, and esthetic. Data were gathered from 200 respondents composed of on-site same-day local visitors and selected volunteers in BVNP. Findings showed that BVNP as a conservation area is committed to address park’s issues and concerns through its sound conservation strategies while fostering social and economic development with the active presence of Aggrupation of Advocates for Environmental Protection (AGAP) Bulusan, Inc. It can be noted that the four realms were experienced good by the visitors with emphasis on escapism which involves higher level of engagement and active participation in the natural settings and the destination’s environment. The feeling of being isolated from the urban society is what BVNP makes more significant to visitors. However, entertainment products should be improved to give more authentic cultural (tangible and intangible) entertainment experience. Further studies can be conducted on the relationship of visitor experience and resource protection strategies in the park.
Keywords: conservation, ecotourism, natural park, protected area, visitor experience
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Otuokon, S., Chai, S. & Beale, M. (2012). Using tourism to conserve the mist forest and mysterious cultural heritage of the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, Jamaica. Parks, 18(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SO.en
PHILIPPINES: Bulusan volcano (as of 22 Nov 2010) - Location Map. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/philippines-bulusan-volcano-22-nov-2010-location-map
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard business review, 76(4), 97–105.
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: Work is theatre & every business a stage. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Radder, L., & Han, X. (2015). An examination of the museum experience based on pine and Gilmore’s experience economy realms. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(2).
Rebuya, N. (2020). Resource protection strategies towards sustainable ecotourism and protected area conservation: A visitors’ evaluation in Bulusan Volcano Natural Park, Philippines. International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews, 7(2), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.722
Shyuji, T. (2015). Did localisation of community-based conservation succeed? A case study on community-based sea turtle conservation in Ma ‘Daerah Sea Turtle Sanctuary. JATI-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 20, 94-106. https://doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol20no1.6
Snyman, S. (2012). The impact of land management systems on community attitudes towards tourism and conservation in six South African countries. Parks, 18(2), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SS.en
Thapa, B., & Lee, J. (2017) Visitor experience in Kafue National Park, Zambia. Journal of Ecotourism, 16(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2016.1245737
Wang, L., Zhong, L., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, B. (2014). Ecotourism environmental protection measures and their effects on protected areas in China. Sustainability, 6(10), 6781-6798. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106781
Weiler, B., Moore, S., & Moyle, B. (2013). Building and sustaining support for national parks in the 21st century: Why and how to save the national park experience from extinction. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 31(2), 115-131.
Wolf, I., Croft, D., & Green, R. (2019). Nature conservation and nature-based tourism: A paradox? Environments, 6(9), 104, https://doi.org/10.3390/environments6090104
Bejinaru, R. & Cozorici, A. (2016). Challenges for Romanian ecotourism destinations. Journal of Tourism – Studies and Research in Tourism, 22. Retrieved from http://www.revistadeturism.ro/rdt/article/view/352/233
Bulusan Volcano Natural Park (BVNP) as local conservation area. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://newcapp.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/lca_bulusan1.pdf
Ceballos–Lascurain, H. (1996). Tourism, ecotourism and protected areas: The state of nature–based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Coates, D. (2016). Strategic plan for biodiversity (2011–2020) and the Aichi biodiversity targets. In C. M. Finlayson, M. Everard, K. Irvine, R. McInnes, B. Middleton, A. van Dam, & N. C. Davidson (Eds.), The Wetland book I: Structure and function, management, and methods (pp. 1-7). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_119-2
Coria, J., & Calfucura, E. (2012). Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Ecological Economics, 73, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.10.024
Cruz, R. (2017). Ecotourism. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Frank, G., & Polkinghorne, D. (2010). Qualitative research in occupational therapy: From the first to the second generation. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 30(2), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20100325-02
Goodwin, H. (1996). In pursuit of ecotourism. Biodiversity & Conservation, 5, 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051774
Huijbens, E., & Benediktsson, K. (2013). Inspiring the visitor? Landscapes and horizons of hospitality. Tourist Studies, 13(2), 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613490378
Jager, E., & Halpenny, E. (2012). Supporting the CBD Aichi biodiversity conservation targets through park tourism: A case study of Parks Canada’s visitor experience programme. Parks, 18(2), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2012.parks-18-2.ej.en
Jurowski, C. (2009). An Examination of the four realms of tourism experience theory. International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track, 23. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1054&context=refereed
Kafle, N. (2014). Nature based tourism and visitor experiences in Chitwan National Park. Undergraduate thesis, School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Lapland University of Applied Sciences, Rovaniemi, Finland.
Kamri, T., & Radam, A. (2013). Visitors’ visiting motivation: Bako National Park, Sarawak. Procedia-Social And Behavioral Sciences, 101, 495-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.223
King, B. (2010). Conservation geographies in sub-Saharan Africa: The politics of national parks, community conservation and peace parks. Geography Compass, 4(1), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00288.x
Lasarte, E. (2020). Travel decision and destination experiences in the Islands of Caramoan, Philippines: A visitors’ descriptive evaluation. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(7). https://doi.org/10.38124/IJISRT20JUL022
Leung, Y. F., Spenceley, A., Hvenegaard, G. & Buckley, R. (2018). Tourism and visitor management in protected areas: Guidelines for sustainability. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.PAG.27.en
Lim, R. D. (2012). Principles and scopes of tourism. Manila: Minshapers Co.
Lim, R. D. (2013). Ecotourism with tourism planning and development essentials. Manila: Mindshapers Co.
Manning, R. (2001). Visitor experience and resource protection: A framework for managing the carrying capacity of national parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 93-108.
Miller, M., Carter, R., Walsh, S., & Peake, S. (2014). A conceptual framework for studying global change, tourism, and the sustainability of iconic national parks. The George Wright Forum, 31(3), 256-269
Newsome, D., Moore, S., & Dowling, R. (2013). Natural area tourism (2nd ed.). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Otuokon, S., Chai, S. & Beale, M. (2012). Using tourism to conserve the mist forest and mysterious cultural heritage of the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, Jamaica. Parks, 18(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SO.en
PHILIPPINES: Bulusan volcano (as of 22 Nov 2010) - Location Map. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/philippines-bulusan-volcano-22-nov-2010-location-map
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard business review, 76(4), 97–105.
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: Work is theatre & every business a stage. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Radder, L., & Han, X. (2015). An examination of the museum experience based on pine and Gilmore’s experience economy realms. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(2).
Rebuya, N. (2020). Resource protection strategies towards sustainable ecotourism and protected area conservation: A visitors’ evaluation in Bulusan Volcano Natural Park, Philippines. International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews, 7(2), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.722
Shyuji, T. (2015). Did localisation of community-based conservation succeed? A case study on community-based sea turtle conservation in Ma ‘Daerah Sea Turtle Sanctuary. JATI-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 20, 94-106. https://doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol20no1.6
Snyman, S. (2012). The impact of land management systems on community attitudes towards tourism and conservation in six South African countries. Parks, 18(2), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2012.PARKS-18-2.SS.en
Thapa, B., & Lee, J. (2017) Visitor experience in Kafue National Park, Zambia. Journal of Ecotourism, 16(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2016.1245737
Wang, L., Zhong, L., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, B. (2014). Ecotourism environmental protection measures and their effects on protected areas in China. Sustainability, 6(10), 6781-6798. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106781
Weiler, B., Moore, S., & Moyle, B. (2013). Building and sustaining support for national parks in the 21st century: Why and how to save the national park experience from extinction. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 31(2), 115-131.
Wolf, I., Croft, D., & Green, R. (2019). Nature conservation and nature-based tourism: A paradox? Environments, 6(9), 104, https://doi.org/10.3390/environments6090104